Coupler Theoretical Main-Line Loss Calculation (AN-30-004)

I. Introduction

The main-line loss of a coupler is defined as the loss between the input and output ports. Theoretical loss is defined as that of a perfect (lossless) coupler, for which the input power is the sum of the (main-line) output power and the power at the coupled port. Therefore, the theoretical main-line loss is dependent upon the fraction of the input power that is outputted at the coupled port. The conversion between them can be expressed mathematically. This article derives the formula and provides a conversion table.

II. Derivation

A lossless coupler transfers all input power to the output and coupled ports:

In practice, positive decibel values are given for main-line loss and coupling (the fraction of the input power that is outputted at the coupled port):

With these three equations, the CPL to ML conversion can be obtained:

3. Insertion Loss vs. Coupling Table

Browse all RF couplers