VCO Footprints

VCO Footprints

Layout Considerations to Improve Performance Three basic types of VCO’s are manufactured by Mini-Circuits: plug-in, surface mount, and connectorized versions. To obtain the best overall performance from Mini-Circuits VCO’s, good RF practices should be...
Phase Locked Loop Fundamentals

Phase Locked Loop Fundamentals

The basic form of a phase locked loop (PLL) consists of a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), a phase detector (PD), and a filter. In its more general form (Figure 1), the PLL may also contain a mixer and a digital divider. In the steady state, the frequency of the...