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Modulators: Introduction & Measurement Schemes
Mini-Circuits offers QPSK (quadrature phase-shift keying) and I&Q modulators from 10% bandwidth to as much as 5:1 octave span. So there's no longer any need to gather double-balanced mixers and ...
Frequently Asked Questions About QPSK Modulators & I&Q Modulators and Demodulators
read through frequently asked questions about QPSK and I&Q Modulators and Demodulators informing on general use and specific applications.
Advantages of Cascading Reflectionless Filters
Cascading filters in series is commonly used to enhance stop-band rejection and steepness in the transition band. This can introduce problems in the pass-band such as ripple and phase ...
Measurement Methods
The treatment given here is introductory, and will assist the reader who wishes to consult the standard texts for further detail on measurement techniques. For measurements on mixers and ...
Coupler Theoretical Main-Line Loss Calculation (AN-30-004)
The main-line loss of a coupler is defined as the loss between the input and output ports. This articles derives the formula for conversion between the fraction of the input power that is ...
Pairing Mixers with Reflectionless Filters to Improve System Performance
Traditional filter designs employ circuits which reject undesired signals by reflecting them back to the source. There are many applications in which these reflections produce intermodulation ...
Handling of Mini-Circuits Open Case Models
Open case models require certain additional handling precautions. Following these precautions will ensure handling does not have a negative impact on the performance of the devices.
Electronic Attenuators
A useful feature of Mini-Circuits' electronic attenuators is the ability for either a positive or negative control current to provide the same amount of attenuation between input and output; this
Directional Couplers
The directional couplers offered by Mini-Circuits are designed for both commercial and military applications. All models are available in plug-in, flat-pack, surface mount, and connectorized SMA,
Phase Locked Loop Fundamentals
The basic form of a phase locked loop (PLL) consists of a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO), a phase detector (PD), and a filter. In its more general form, the PLL may also contain a mixer and ...
High Performance, Low Cost, Surface-Mount Quadrature Couplers
Mini-Circuits has developed series of high performance 3 dB quadrature couplers. These products exhibit low insertion loss, amplitude unbalance and phase unbalance with good isolation covering ...
Do It Yourself Low-Cost Directional Couplers
There is a continuing demand to reduce the cost and increase the performance and quality at the same time. Mini-Circuits is working to satisfy these goals and has introduced a new directional ...